DNA Test / Prueba de ADN (referencias y charla!) - Los Tainos Arawacos tradicionalistas De Boriken2024-03-28T19:57:25Zhttp://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/forum/topics/dna-test-prueba-de-adn?feed=yes&xn_auth=noGracias, asi lo hare, Nitu!tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2012-04-04:3739901:Comment:340052012-04-04T22:19:45.453Z24mnfoswunr9whttp://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/xn/detail/u_24mnfoswunr9w
Gracias, asi lo hare, Nitu!
Gracias, asi lo hare, Nitu! .Hola! Pregunta a Balanani. …tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2012-04-04:3739901:Comment:341192012-04-04T21:43:41.258ZDr. Tekina-eirú Maynardhttp://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/profile/DrTekinaeiruMaynard
<p>.<br/>Hola! Pregunta a Balanani. Quizas el Dr. Cruz Martinez esta haciendo la pruebas todavia y otras tienen interes, y ella puede organizar una hida a Mayaguez. Jajom y abrazos! <br/><br/>-- Tekina-eirú</p>
<p>.<br/>Hola! Pregunta a Balanani. Quizas el Dr. Cruz Martinez esta haciendo la pruebas todavia y otras tienen interes, y ella puede organizar una hida a Mayaguez. Jajom y abrazos! <br/><br/>-- Tekina-eirú</p> Hola, como puedo hacerme las…tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2012-04-04:3739901:Comment:343972012-04-04T19:28:07.258Z24mnfoswunr9whttp://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/xn/detail/u_24mnfoswunr9w
Hola, como puedo hacerme las pruebas en Puerto Rico, amiga espero estes muy bien,,,
Hola, como puedo hacerme las pruebas en Puerto Rico, amiga espero estes muy bien,,, Here's a question that came i…tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2012-03-13:3739901:Comment:336892012-03-13T17:11:18.426ZDr. Tekina-eirú Maynardhttp://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/profile/DrTekinaeiruMaynard
<p>Here's a question that came in. I wanted to share the question and answer with all who would benefit. Thank you <span class="commentBody"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/efsacco">Ellen Fernandez-Sacco</a>.<br></br><br></br>Someone emailed with this question: He had his mtDNA tested by the National Geographic project and has his sequence that traces him (haplogroup) to t<span class="text_exposed_show">he original Eve. While fascinating, what he really wants to know about is his Taino roots in…</span></span></p>
<p>Here's a question that came in. I wanted to share the question and answer with all who would benefit. Thank you <span class="commentBody"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/efsacco">Ellen Fernandez-Sacco</a>.<br/><br/>Someone emailed with this question: He had his mtDNA tested by the National Geographic project and has his sequence that traces him (haplogroup) to t<span class="text_exposed_show">he original Eve. While fascinating, what he really wants to know about is his Taino roots in Puerto Rico. They sent him his long mtDNA sequence. Is there any way he can find out more with this sequence he already has from some of the other sources that you know. -- Tekina-eiru</span></span></p>
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<p><span class="commentBody"><span class="text_exposed_show"><span class="commentBody">He needs to register for some other services to find matches to other people with the same pattern in their mtDNA. <br/> The National Geographic project is really more about migration, not specific locations to match individuals. I<span class="text_exposed_show">t may also turn out that he will need to retest for a larger sequence of markers in order to find a match. <br/> <a href="https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/faqs_results.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow nofollow"><span>https://</span><span>genographic.nationalgeograp</span><span>hic.com/genographic/lan/</span>en/faqs_results.html</a><br/> from their site:<br/> "Alternatively, you can transfer your first set of results via the Genographic website results page to Family Tree DNA, Genographic's genetic-testing partner. You can then purchase an additional test to be performed on the sample that you already submitted. Please note that the cost of a mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome upgrade test is $89. Also, if you choose to have the testing done via Family Tree DNA, you will need to waive anonymity."<br/> from the family tree site:<br/> <br/> <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/faq/answers.aspx?id=3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow nofollow"><span>http://</span><span>www.familytreedna.com/faq/</span>answers.aspx?id=3</a><br/> How do I upload my Family Tree DNA results to the National Geographic Genographic project? faq id: 297<br/> <br/> Once you have mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) results, you may donate them to the Genographic Project. The cost is $15 US. Online payment is by credit card. To donate:<br/> <br/> Login to your myFTDNA account. (<a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/login.aspx" target="_blank" rel="nofollow nofollow"><span>https://</span><span>www.familytreedna.com/</span>login.aspx</a>)<br/> Go to the Genographic Project page.<br/> Check the I agree box to consent.<br/> Enter payment information.<br/> Click to complete the transfer.<br/> You may also pay by check. Mail to our office your check and request to donate. Once we transfer your results, we will send you an e-mail with your GPID (Genographic ID).<br/> <br/> Note: If you have results for both Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, only one charge will apply. Donate one test to the Genographic Project. Then, please use our feedback form to contact customer service. Include your kit number. We will submit the second test for FREE.</span></span></span></span></p>
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<p><span class="commentBody"><span class="text_exposed_show">Here are some other questions and answers that might be helpful from:<br/></span></span></p>
<p><span class="commentBody"><span class="text_exposed_show"><a href="https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/faqs_results.html" target="_blank">https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/faqs_...</a></span></span></p>
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<p><span class="commentBody"><span class="text_exposed_show"><br/>NOTE: We have added simplified HTML versions of the results pages to the Web site. If you do not have Macromedia Flash installed on your computer, then the HTML version of your results should load automatically. Otherwise you can click "View Non-Flash Report" at the top of your results page.<br/>Back to Top<br/>17. What if my results show an entirely different location, country, or place than what I know to be true about my early ancestors?<br/><br/>Your results reveal your deep ancestry along a single line of direct descent (paternal or maternal) and show the migration paths your ancestors followed thousands of years ago. The migratory route is one part of your history and does not preclude what you already know to be true about your more recent genealogical past. It has no bearing on your cultural identity, ethnic heritage, or nationality of the more recent historical past. Your individual results may confirm your expectations of what you believe your deep ancestry to be, or you may be surprised to learn a new story about your genetic background. You will not receive a percentage breakdown of your genetic background by ethnicity, race, or geographic origin. Nor will you receive confirmation of an association with a particular tribe or indigenous group. This is not a genealogy study. You will not learn about your great-grandparents or other recent relatives, and your DNA trail will not necessarily lead to your present-day location. Rather, your results will reveal the anthropological story of your direct maternal or paternal ancestors<97>where they lived and how they migrated around the world many thousands of years ago.<br/>Back to Top<br/>18. Can I publish my results on a blog, Web site, or trade magazine? If I do, how do I cite it?<br/><br/>We understand that participants are often eager to share their Genographic results and map. Generally, it is fine to do so in a noncommercial publication (example: personal Web site; small-press, noncommercial family history book, etc). Please contact us at genographic@ngs.org for approval and instructions on the proper attribution.<br/>Back to Top<br/>19. Is the Genographic Project going to publish its results in book form?<br/><br/>All results will be published into the public domain following scientific peer review. At present, Spencer Wells has two books that document his past and more current research. They are Journey of Man and Deep Ancestry. The results of the Genographic Project may be presented on television, radio, the Internet, newspapers, magazines, and other media including books.<br/>Back to Top<br/>20. What if I make a mistake and ruin a component of the kit?<br/><br/>If you make a mistake and ruin a component of the kit, simply email us at genographic@ngs.org and explain what happened.<br/>Back to Top<br/>21. What is the Cambridge Reference Series?<br/><br/>Your sequence is compared against the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), which is the standard mitochondrial sequence initially determined by researchers at Cambridge, England. The differences between your DNA and the CRS are highlighted, and these data allow researchers to reconstruct the migratory paths of your genetic lineage.<br/>Back to Top<br/>22. What is a subclade?<br/><br/>In genetics, subclade is a term used to describe a subgroup of a subgenus or haplogroup. It is commonly used today in describing genealogical DNA tests of human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups.<br/>Back to Top<br/>23. What is PCR, or polymerase chain reaction?<br/><br/>PCR is a procedure that produces multiple copies of a short segment of DNA through cycles of: 1) denaturation (heat-induced separation of double-stranded DNA into single strands); 2) annealing (binding of specific primers on either end of the target segment); and 3) elongation (extension of the primer sequences over the target segment with DNA polymerase). The amplified product, doubled each cycle for 30 or more cycles, can then be subjected to further testing.<br/>Back to Top<br/>24. How do I print all my personalized documents?<br/><br/>If you are having problems with printing results, try these steps below.<br/><br/>A programming aspect requires that you print each page of the report individually. The printer pop-up box will remain up after printing the first page. Press print again rather than cancel. The entire document will print out. Follow these directions to print "Your Ancestral History," "Genetic History," and "Genetic Certificate." Once you have arrived at your results page, you can print the "Your Ancestral History," "Genetic History," and/or "Genetic Certificate" documents by following the prompts on the right side of the screen, an annotated version of which appear here:<br/><br/>STEP 1: SELECT YOUR DOCUMENTS.<br/>You can select/unselect which documents to print by moving your cursor over the small yellow box to the left of each one and clicking. A checkmark in the yellow box indicates that you want that document to print. An empty yellow box indicates that you do not wish to print that particular document.<br/><br/>STEP 2: ADD YOUR NAME (OPTIONAL)<br/>You can personalize your documents by entering your name.<br/><br/>STEP 3: PRINT YOUR DOCUMENTS<br/>Move your cursor to the yellow "PRINT YOUR DOCUMENTS" button and double-click. A dialog box will appear on the lower right side of the screen which reads, "Please note: You may need to click 'print' in your print window pop-up more than once in order to print out all of your documents." There is a prompt at the bottom of that dialog box that reads, "CONTINUE." Double-click on CONTINUE.<br/><br/>Next, move your cursor to the "Print" button when the print dialogue box appears. The print dialogue box may begin to disappear briefly but then reappear. If that happens, click on the "Print" button again and again until the dialogue box disappears. (A programming aspect requires that you print each page of each document individually. By clicking until the dialogue box disappears, you are instructing the computer to print all the pages.)<br/><br/>Some things to check to be sure your computer is able to print:<br/><br/> You must have Macromedia Flash Plug-in installed.<br/> Enable Plug-ins.<br/> Enable Java.<br/> Allow Cookies.<br/> Your security may be too high. Try turning off your Firewall.<br/> Restart your computer after making changes.<br/><br/>If, after taking all the actions stipulated above, you are still experiencing trouble when viewing or printing your results, then simply go to the black bar immediately above the map and click on "View Non-Flash Report." This version can be easier to print than the Flash version.<br/><br/>In the meantime, it may be possible to download or print out your results from a different computer (i.e. work or library) though this option will not solve the problem long-term, as it is important that you are able to access results throughout the course of the 5-year project.<br/><br/>Thank you once again for participating in the Genographic Project and for your continued patience.<br/>Back to Top<br/>25. What if there is blood on my swab?<br/><br/>Drawing a small amount of blood on the swab tip should not be a problem, as the laboratory will likely still have sufficient genetic material to analyze and report results to you. In the unlikely event, however, that the lab is unable to isolate your DNA successfully from the cheek swabs, you will see an error message that prompts you to contact us. We will mail you directly a new replacement mini-kit at no cost so that you can perform the swab process again and resubmit your samples.<br/>Back to Top<br/>26. Can I test both my paternal and maternal lineage?<br/><br/>Males possess both a Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA, so they may choose to test either maternal lineage or paternal lineage by marking their consent form accordingly. Please note: Only one test per Genographic Participation Kit is performed.<br/><br/>If you are a male and would like to test both your Y chromosome and your mitochondrial DNA, you may purchase a second Genographic Participation Kit and mark the consent form for the lineage that you have not yet tested. Alternatively, you can transfer your first set of results via the Genographic website results page to Family Tree DNA, Genographic's genetic-testing partner. You can then purchase an additional test to be performed on the sample that you already submitted. Please note that the cost of a mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome upgrade test is $89. Also, if you choose to have the testing done via Family Tree DNA, you will need to waive anonymity.<br/><br/>Females do not possess a Y chromosome, and therefore may only have the mitochondrial DNA test performed. However, if you are a female and would like to learn about your paternal lineage, then a male relative<97>such as a father, a brother, or a paternal blood relative of your father's, such as his brother<97>can test his Y-chromosome DNA. The results will reveal a female's paternal lineage.<br/>Back to Top<br/>27. What part of my DNA does the Genographic Project test?<br/><br/>The Genographic Project tests specific regions on the mitochondrial DNA and on the Y chromosome.<br/><br/>Mitochondrial DNA: This test for your maternal lineage yields sequence data for Hypervariable Region 1 (HVR1: 16001 to 16569) and compares your results to the Cambridge Reference Sequence. Results are analyzed to determine your Haplogroup assignment.<br/><br/>Y chromosome (male samples only): This 12-marker test for your paternal lineage yields data for the following 12 STRs:<br/>DYS393 DYS439 DYS388 DYS385a<br/>DYS19 DYS389-1 DYS390 DYS385b<br/>DYS391 DYS389-2 DYS426 DYS392<br/><br/><br/>Additional testing such as a SNP test may be run on a Y chromosome sample if analysis of the 12 STR values does not conclusively indicate a Haplogroup assignment.<br/><br/>Your results page will report what changes from the mitochondrial Cambridge Reference Sequence. you have, or the values for your Y chromosome makers, depending on what test you had elected to perform on your sample.<br/>~<br/>~<br/>169 fewer lines; before #2 7 seconds ago <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>1. Why has my Y chromosome haplogroup changed?<br/><br/>Recenty, researchers led by Dr. Hammer, Family Tree DNA's Chief Scientist, published<br/>the newly updated Y chromosome haplogroup tree in Genome Research. This paper<br/>recommends a number of changes in haplogroup nomenclature, which may have affected<br/>your haplogroup name. Your DNA results have not changed. You will notice that the<br/>mutation that defines your haplogroup remains the same. For example, under the old<br/>tree, marker P37.2 defined Haplogroup I1b. Under the new tree, marker P37.2 defines<br/>Haplogroup I2a. View the new tree as a PDF document.<br/>Back to Top<br/>2. How are the DNA samples processed?<br/><br/>Indigenous and traditional participants' samples are processed in one of the<br/>project's ten regional centers. Samples may be buccal, saliva, or blood samples,<br/>depending on preference of the participants. Extracted DNA is analyzed at the<br/>centers using a standardized set of scientific protocols. All data is uploaded to<br/>the central database. Public participant cheek-swab samples are processed at the<br/>Arizona Research Labs at the University of Arizona via Family Tree DNA, the leading<br/>genetic genealogy company that has been selected to perform the public participant<br/>testing for the project.<br/>Back to Top<br/>3. What happens once I order a Genographic Project Public Participation Kit?<br/><br/>After you have placed your order, a participation kit will be mailed to you. The kit<br/>includes two cheek scrapers and two vials as well as a self-addressed envelope to<br/>return your sample. Instructions and other important and exciting information and<br/>materials on the project are also included in the kit. Once you return your genetic<br/>sample, it will be processed at the Arizona Research Labs at the University of<br/>Arizona, via Family Tree DNA, the leading genetic genealogy company that has been<br/>selected to perform the public participant testing for the project. From the time we<br/>receive your sample in the lab it will take approximately eight weeks to test your<br/>DNA, analyze the specimens, and upload the results to the Genographic Web site. Make<br/>sure to check often on the status of your results using your Genographic Participant<br/>ID number. You will also have the opportunity to include your anonymous genetic<br/>results in the overall Genographic database should you wish to do so.<br/>Back to Top<br/>4. How long will it take for me to get my results?<br/><br/>From the time we receive your sample in the lab it will take approximately six to<br/>eight weeks to test your DNA, analyze the specimens, and upload the results to the<br/>Genographic Web site.<br/>Back to Top<br/>5. What do you do with the results of the tests?<br/><br/>Public participant results will be posted on our protected Web site, where you will<br/>be able to access them privately and anonymously. Should you consent, your anonymous<br/>results will also be included in the Genographic database and contribute to the<br/>overall project sample size.<br/>Back to Top<br/>6. Can this DNA test serve as a paternity test?<br/><br/>Our specific purpose is to test for deep ancestry and NOT for paternity, medical, or<br/>criminal purposes. While information about deep ancestry can be used to make<br/>inferences about paternity in some cases, it cannot be used to establish paternity.<br/>The Genographic Project's primary test attempts to determine what migratory routes<br/>your deep ancestors followed and to which branch of the phylogenetic tree you<br/>belong, and many people around the world will have the same deep ancestry.<br/>Back to Top<br/>7. Will I have the right to remove my genetic profile from the database at some<br/>later time?<br/><br/>Yes. If you decide that you want your data deleted from the database, you will have<br/>the opportunity to do so by sending an email to genographic@ngs.org.<br/>Back to Top<br/>8. Will you be able to tell me if I carry a problematic gene or if I am at risk of<br/>health problems?<br/><br/>No. We will not be able to determine if you are carrying any genetic markers<br/>associated with a disease because we are only testing your DNA to look at markers<br/>associated with migratory history.<br/>Back to Top<br/>9. Will the Genographic Project conduct health-related analysis on my DNA sample or<br/>provide the sample to my physician?<br/><br/>No. The Genographic Project will not conduct any health-related tests on the DNA<br/>samples provided by public participants. The DNA analysis conducted by National<br/>Geographic is intended to determine what migratory routes your deep ancestors<br/>followed and to which branch of the human family tree you belong and in no way<br/>relates to analyzing your health, health status, or any inherited health conditions.<br/>Back to Top<br/>10. What tests do you perform?<br/><br/>We will be performing ONE OF two tests for each public participant. Y-DNA test (12<br/>Short Tandem Repeat markers): This test helps us to identify deep ancestral<br/>migratory origins on the direct paternal line. Only males can have their Y_DNA<br/>analyzed, since females do not inherit a Y chromosome from their fathers.<br/>Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (Extended HVS-1, Regions 16,023-16,569 with a backbone<br/>panel of defined coding region SNPs): This tests the mtDNA of females to help<br/>identify the deep ancestral migratory origins on their direct maternal line. Both<br/>females and males can have their mtDNA analyzed since females and males both inherit<br/>mtDNA from their mothers. Therefore, males also have the option of selecting mtDNA.<br/>All participants will be able to access their results anonymously on the participant<br/>portion of the Genographic Web site.<br/>Back to Top<br/>11. Are there any risks associated with the test?<br/><br/>We do not know of any risk to you from taking the cheek-scraper sample or having<br/>your DNA sample analyzed to determine the migratory history of your deep ancestors.<br/>Back to Top<br/>12. What will you do with the public participation specimens?<br/><br/>We will keep your sample only for the Genographic Project. Your sample will not be<br/>used for any other purpose without your written permission. The genetic tests we<br/>will perform are designed only to research early human origins and movements. The<br/>tests do not tell us anything about your health, or about any health problems you<br/>(or your family) may have. This is an anthropological study only. Unless you<br/>instruct us otherwise, your cells will be destroyed at the conclusion of the<br/>project.<br/>Back to Top<br/>13. How long will you keep the public participation samples?<br/><br/>We will discard your sample when the Genographic Project is finished, unless you<br/>have requested otherwise. We are not a gene or tissue bank, so we do not have to<br/>keep your genetic material for any particular length of time. During the project,<br/>you will have the opportunity to contact Family Tree DNA, the company licensed to<br/>perform testing for Genographic Project participants, to request follow-up testing<br/>if you choose. Unless you do so before the conclusion of our project, your cells<br/>will be destroyed and will not be available for follow-up testing. We do not return<br/>samples to the people from whom we receive them.<br/>Back to Top<br/>14. Will Genographic share my test results with others?<br/><br/>No. Genographic Project public participant samples are assigned a randomly<br/>generated, nonsequential Genographic Project ID (GPID) number for processing and<br/>analysis. Public participants can only access their results via the protected<br/>participant area of the Genographic Web site using his or her GPID number.<br/><br/>The entire results of the project may be presented on television, radio, the<br/>Internet, newspapers, magazines, and other media. Your genetic data will be included<br/>only if you agree to have your data included as part of our aggregate presentation<br/>of trends and patterns. If you agree to have your anonymous data included in the<br/>project's aggregate database, we will not disclose any information that reveals your<br/>identity. We do not have the ability to link your personally identifiable<br/>information with your genetic data.<br/>Back to Top<br/>15. How will collected data be stored over the short and long run?<br/><br/>The project developed a customized DNA Analysis Repository (DAR), a central database<br/>solution that manages electronic DNA data for the Genographic Project. Housed at<br/>National Geographic headquarters in Washington, D.C., the DAR leverages IBM<br/>information management software to manage DNA data collected from Genographic<br/>Project investigators worldwide. Data from the system is stored on a second IBM<br/>storage system.<br/><br/>In collaboration with National Geographic, IBM also helped develop a<br/>field-collection solution, which comprises a remote system used by Genographic<br/>Project scientists worldwide to record phenotypic data regarding the physical DNA<br/>samples gathered in the field. Scientists access the field-collection system through<br/>ThinkPad notebook computers equipped with a customized biometric fingerprint<br/>security application.<br/><br/>The information technology infrastructure provides secure transmission, storage and<br/>management of hundreds of thousands of DNA records and effective communication with<br/>the general public through the Web infrastructure.<br/>Back to Top<br/>16. What technical tips can I try if I have trouble accessing the Genographic Web<br/>site?<br/><br/>1. Install Macromedia Flash Plug-in. (See note below re: Non-Flash Report)<br/>2. Set your browser to enable plug-ins.<br/>3. Set your browser to enable Javascript.<br/>4. Set your browser to allow cookies.<br/>5. Your security may be too high. Try turning off your firewall. (For Windows users,<br/>change firewall settings in your control panel.)<br/>6. You may have what we refer to as a "tired" browser. Under Internet Options or<br/>Preferences, clear your cache and delete all temporary Internet files and cookies,<br/>etc. (In doing so, you may delete passwords and other information that your computer<br/>had been remembering for you.) This should refresh your browser.<br/>7. Do not use an old saved bookmark or "Favorites" link to access the Genographic<br/>site. Use this link-<a href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/genographic-and" target="_blank">http://www.nationalgeographic.com/genographic-and</a> you will be<br/>directed to the correct Web page.<br/>8. Restart your computer after making changes.<br/><br/>NOTE: We have added simplified HTML versions of the results pages to the Web site.<br/>If you do not have Macromedia Flash installed on your computer, then the HTML<br/>version of your results should load automatically. Otherwise you can click "View<br/>Non-Flash Report" at the top of your results page.<br/>Back to Top<br/>17. What if my results show an entirely different location, country, or place than<br/>what I know to be true about my early ancestors?<br/><br/>Your results reveal your deep ancestry along a single line of direct descent<br/>(paternal or maternal) and show the migration paths your ancestors followed<br/>thousands of years ago. The migratory route is one part of your history and does not<br/>preclude what you already know to be true about your more recent genealogical past.<br/>It has no bearing on your cultural identity, ethnic heritage, or nationality of the<br/>more recent historical past. Your individual results may confirm your expectations<br/>of what you believe your deep ancestry to be, or you may be surprised to learn a new<br/>story about your genetic background. You will not receive a percentage breakdown of<br/>your genetic background by ethnicity, race, or geographic origin. Nor will you<br/>receive confirmation of an association with a particular tribe or indigenous group.<br/>This is not a genealogy study. You will not learn about your great-grandparents or<br/>other recent relatives, and your DNA trail will not necessarily lead to your<br/>present-day location. Rather, your results will reveal the anthropological story of<br/>your direct maternal or paternal ancestors<97>where they lived and how they migrated<br/>around the world many thousands of years ago.<br/>Back to Top<br/>18. Can I publish my results on a blog, Web site, or trade magazine? If I do, how do<br/>I cite it?<br/><br/>We understand that participants are often eager to share their Genographic results<br/>and map. Generally, it is fine to do so in a noncommercial publication (example:<br/>personal Web site; small-press, noncommercial family history book, etc). Please<br/>contact us at genographic@ngs.org for approval and instructions on the proper<br/>attribution.<br/>Back to Top<br/>19. Is the Genographic Project going to publish its results in book form?<br/><br/>All results will be published into the public domain following scientific peer<br/>review. At present, Spencer Wells has two books that document his past and more<br/>current research. They are Journey of Man and Deep Ancestry. The results of the<br/>Genographic Project may be presented on television, radio, the Internet, newspapers,<br/>magazines, and other media including books.<br/>Back to Top<br/>20. What if I make a mistake and ruin a component of the kit?<br/><br/>If you make a mistake and ruin a component of the kit, simply email us at<br/>genographic@ngs.org and explain what happened.<br/>Back to Top<br/>21. What is the Cambridge Reference Series?<br/><br/>Your sequence is compared against the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), which is<br/>the standard mitochondrial sequence initially determined by researchers at<br/>Cambridge, England. The differences between your DNA and the CRS are highlighted,<br/>and these data allow researchers to reconstruct the migratory paths of your genetic<br/>lineage.<br/>Back to Top<br/>22. What is a subclade?<br/><br/>In genetics, subclade is a term used to describe a subgroup of a subgenus or<br/>haplogroup. It is commonly used today in describing genealogical DNA tests of human<br/>mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups.<br/>Back to Top<br/>23. What is PCR, or polymerase chain reaction?<br/><br/>PCR is a procedure that produces multiple copies of a short segment of DNA through<br/>cycles of: 1) denaturation (heat-induced separation of double-stranded DNA into<br/>single strands); 2) annealing (binding of specific primers on either end of the<br/>target segment); and 3) elongation (extension of the primer sequences over the<br/>target segment with DNA polymerase). The amplified product, doubled each cycle for<br/>30 or more cycles, can then be subjected to further testing.<br/>Back to Top<br/>24. How do I print all my personalized documents?<br/><br/>If you are having problems with printing results, try these steps below.<br/><br/>A programming aspect requires that you print each page of the report individually.<br/>The printer pop-up box will remain up after printing the first page. Press print<br/>again rather than cancel. The entire document will print out. Follow these<br/>directions to print "Your Ancestral History," "Genetic History," and "Genetic<br/>Certificate." Once you have arrived at your results page, you can print the "Your<br/>Ancestral History," "Genetic History," and/or "Genetic Certificate" documents by<br/>following the prompts on the right side of the screen, an annotated version of which<br/>appear here:<br/><br/>STEP 1: SELECT YOUR DOCUMENTS.<br/>You can select/unselect which documents to print by moving your cursor over the<br/>small yellow box to the left of each one and clicking. A checkmark in the yellow box<br/>indicates that you want that document to print. An empty yellow box indicates that<br/>you do not wish to print that particular document.<br/><br/>STEP 2: ADD YOUR NAME (OPTIONAL)<br/>You can personalize your documents by entering your name.<br/><br/>STEP 3: PRINT YOUR DOCUMENTS<br/>Move your cursor to the yellow "PRINT YOUR DOCUMENTS" button and double-click. A<br/>dialog box will appear on the lower right side of the screen which reads, "Please<br/>note: You may need to click 'print' in your print window pop-up more than once in<br/>order to print out all of your documents." There is a prompt at the bottom of that<br/>dialog box that reads, "CONTINUE." Double-click on CONTINUE.<br/><br/>Next, move your cursor to the "Print" button when the print dialogue box appears.<br/>The print dialogue box may begin to disappear briefly but then reappear. If that<br/>happens, click on the "Print" button again and again until the dialogue box<br/>disappears. (A programming aspect requires that you print each page of each document<br/>individually. By clicking until the dialogue box disappears, you are instructing the<br/>computer to print all the pages.)<br/><br/>Some things to check to be sure your computer is able to print:<br/><br/> You must have Macromedia Flash Plug-in installed.<br/> Enable Plug-ins.<br/> Enable Java.<br/> Allow Cookies.<br/> Your security may be too high. Try turning off your Firewall.<br/> Restart your computer after making changes.<br/><br/>If, after taking all the actions stipulated above, you are still experiencing<br/>trouble when viewing or printing your results, then simply go to the black bar<br/>immediately above the map and click on "View Non-Flash Report." This version can be<br/>easier to print than the Flash version.<br/><br/>In the meantime, it may be possible to download or print out your results from a<br/>different computer (i.e. work or library) though this option will not solve the<br/>problem long-term, as it is important that you are able to access results throughout<br/>the course of the 5-year project.<br/><br/>Thank you once again for participating in the Genographic Project and for your<br/>continued patience.<br/>Back to Top<br/>25. What if there is blood on my swab?<br/><br/>Drawing a small amount of blood on the swab tip should not be a problem, as the<br/>laboratory will likely still have sufficient genetic material to analyze and report<br/>results to you. In the unlikely event, however, that the lab is unable to isolate<br/>your DNA successfully from the cheek swabs, you will see an error message that<br/>prompts you to contact us. We will mail you directly a new replacement mini-kit at<br/>no cost so that you can perform the swab process again and resubmit your samples.<br/>Back to Top<br/>26. Can I test both my paternal and maternal lineage?<br/><br/>Males possess both a Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA, so they may choose to test<br/>either maternal lineage or paternal lineage by marking their consent form<br/>accordingly. Please note: Only one test per Genographic Participation Kit is<br/>performed.<br/><br/>If you are a male and would like to test both your Y chromosome and your<br/>mitochondrial DNA, you may purchase a second Genographic Participation Kit and mark<br/>the consent form for the lineage that you have not yet tested. Alternatively, you<br/>can transfer your first set of results via the Genographic website results page to<br/>Family Tree DNA, Genographic's genetic-testing partner. You can then purchase an<br/>additional test to be performed on the sample that you already submitted. Please<br/>note that the cost of a mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome upgrade test is $89. Also,<br/>if you choose to have the testing done via Family Tree DNA, you will need to waive<br/>anonymity.<br/><br/>Females do not possess a Y chromosome, and therefore may only have the mitochondrial<br/>DNA test performed. However, if you are a female and would like to learn about your<br/>paternal lineage, then a male relative<97>such as a father, a brother, or a paternal<br/>blood relative of your father's, such as his brother<97>can test his Y-chromosome<br/>DNA. The results will reveal a female's paternal lineage.<br/>Back to Top<br/>27. What part of my DNA does the Genographic Project test?<br/><br/>The Genographic Project tests specific regions on the mitochondrial DNA and on the Y<br/>chromosome.<br/><br/>Mitochondrial DNA: This test for your maternal lineage yields sequence data for<br/>Hypervariable Region 1 (HVR1: 16001 to 16569) and compares your results to the<br/>Cambridge Reference Sequence. Results are analyzed to determine your Haplogroup<br/>assignment.<br/><br/>Y chromosome (male samples only): This 12-marker test for your paternal lineage<br/>yields data for the following 12 STRs:<br/>DYS393 DYS439 DYS388 DYS385a<br/>DYS19 DYS389-1 DYS390 DYS385b<br/>DYS391 DYS389-2 DYS426 DYS392<br/><br/><br/>Additional testing such as a SNP test may be run on a Y chromosome sample if<br/>analysis of the 12 STR values does not conclusively indicate a Haplogroup<br/>assignment.<br/><br/>Your results page will report what changes from the mitochondrial Cambridge<br/>Reference Sequence. you have, or the values for your Y chromosome makers, depending<br/>on what test you had elected to perform on your sample.</span></span></p>
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<p></p> Nuevo info para todos interes…tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2011-12-20:3739901:Comment:321002011-12-20T00:09:47.506ZDr. Tekina-eirú Maynardhttp://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/profile/DrTekinaeiruMaynard
Nuevo info para todos interesada. Este tema es la pregunta mas popular que recibo.<br />
Gracias Ellen!<br />
<br />
-------- Original Message --------<br />
From: Ellen Fernandez-Sacco<br />
Sent: Tue Nov 29 18:43:02 EST 2011<br />
To: "Dr. Ana Maria Tekina-eiru Maynard"<br />
Subject: Fwd: Top Shared Genealogy News [SMGF - Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation]<br />
<br />
Tekina-eiru,<br />
This is the organization I was telling you about, where you can 'donate' your dna and get a key for the results from GeneTree abt $50. It takes a long time…
Nuevo info para todos interesada. Este tema es la pregunta mas popular que recibo.<br />
Gracias Ellen!<br />
<br />
-------- Original Message --------<br />
From: Ellen Fernandez-Sacco<br />
Sent: Tue Nov 29 18:43:02 EST 2011<br />
To: "Dr. Ana Maria Tekina-eiru Maynard"<br />
Subject: Fwd: Top Shared Genealogy News [SMGF - Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation]<br />
<br />
Tekina-eiru,<br />
This is the organization I was telling you about, where you can 'donate' your dna and get a key for the results from GeneTree abt $50. It takes a long time though.<br />
<br />
Ellen Sacco<br />
<br />
Begin forwarded message:<br />
<br />
> From: "SMGF"<br />
> Date: November 29, 2011 4:06:21 AM PST<br />
> To: "eftsacco@pacbell.net"<br />
> Subject: Top Shared Genealogy News<br />
> Reply-To: feedback.smgf@xydo.com<br />
><br />
> Web Version | 1-Click Unsubscribe<br />
> Share this email via<br />
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><br />
> Bi-Weekly Brief | Tuesday, November 29<br />
><br />
> Tell Me What’s in My Genome!<br />
> Right now, for about the same price as a conventional medical test that reveals just a handful of genes, you could learn the entire contents of your genome. Sure, it’s a "research" scan, which means it will contain mistakes, and your insurance won’t cover the $4,000-$5,000 bill…<br />
> ★ 66 via Slate<br />
><br />
><br />
> Autosomal DNA adds to genealogy science kit<br />
> I'll bet that I'm not the only one who's heard the following phrase: "Today's science fiction is tomorrow's science fact." But what really brought that saying home to me has been the recent flurry of interest in "autosomal DNA…"<br />
> ★ 17 via LDNews<br />
><br />
> The power of false positives in behavior genetics<br />
> …Smaller studies, which had no power to detect these small effects, were essentially random p-value generators. Sometimes the p-values were “significant” and sometimes not, without any correlation to whether a variant was truly associated…<br />
> ★ 29 via Discover<br />
><br />
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> Personalized Medicine<br />
> The rapid emergence of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of research participants has helped to revive the debate about whether genetic and other ‘omic’ data should be returned to research participants, and if so, which data…<br />
> ★ 33 via Future Medicine<br />
><br />
><br />
> Where identity and biology intersect<br />
> A pleasant and thoughtful fellow from New Zealand told me during a chat over a glass of wine this year of his growing interest in genealogy. It was fascinating to learn about those who had come before him, he said, and in the process, to learn more about himself…<br />
> ★ 35 via Vancouver Sun<br />
><br />
> Tips<br />
><br />
> Genealogy Gifts<br />
> Looking for a way to share your family history with your family members this holiday season? Here are some great ideas for creative family history gifts…<br />
> ★ 16 via Genetree<br />
><br />
><br />
> Holiday dinner table great genealogical resource<br />
> Frankie Liles says recent TV shows have made genealogy looks easy, which it isn’t. You could say Pat Clark left no headstone unturned as she traipsed across an Augusta, Ga., cemetery 10 years ago looking for her maternal grandfather’s grave to fill in blanks on her family tree…<br />
> ★ 24 via SCNow<br />
><br />
><br />
> Watchung author, historian unearths family roots dating back 600 years<br />
> As the United States of America was cloaked in the pride of the red, white and blue during the nation’s bicentennial year in 1976, Watchung resident Robert A. Mayers became entranced and intrigued by his father’s stories of one of his great-grandfathers, a soldier in the Revolutionary War…<br />
> ★ 25 via MyCentralJersey<br />
><br />
><br />
> Hasching out my family history<br />
> If you've ever wanted to track down your ancestral line, there's no better time than now. There's a large resource of family trees and ancestral history online and even more genealogy databases. Recently, a social-networking genealogy Website, called GeneTree asked KHQA to participate in a DNA study…<br />
> ★ 19 via Connect Tristates<br />
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<--------------------------------------><br />
Ellen Fernandez-Sacco, Ph.D.<br />
Oakland, CA<br />
<br />
Chairperson & co-moderator, Sociedad Ancestros Mocanos<br />
Visit us on Facebook: <a href="http://www.facebook.com/home.php?sk=group_187895491257325" target="_blank">http://www.facebook.com/home.php?sk=group_187895491257325</a> You're very welcome-
Soy agra…tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2010-04-11:3739901:Comment:53312010-04-11T23:39:02.000ZEllen Fernandez-Sacco, Ph.D.http://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/profile/EllenFernandezSaccoPhD
You're very welcome-<br />
Soy agradecida que puedo contribuir al foro.<br />
<br />
Basically, women [XX] inherit the X chromosome from the female line, and men [XY] have both, one from the mother [X] and the other from the father [X]<br />
Basicamente, mujeres [XX] tienen el cromosomo X como herencia de la linea maternal, y hombres [XY] tienen los dos, uno del madre [X] y el otro del padre [Y].<br />
<br />
The National Geographic test has a different focus-- its on migration and so the test is shorter than what other companies…
You're very welcome-<br />
Soy agradecida que puedo contribuir al foro.<br />
<br />
Basically, women [XX] inherit the X chromosome from the female line, and men [XY] have both, one from the mother [X] and the other from the father [X]<br />
Basicamente, mujeres [XX] tienen el cromosomo X como herencia de la linea maternal, y hombres [XY] tienen los dos, uno del madre [X] y el otro del padre [Y].<br />
<br />
The National Geographic test has a different focus-- its on migration and so the test is shorter than what other companies offer, and Family Tree DNA is processing their samples. So, it's not as concerned with genealogy.<br />
<br />
las pruebas del National Geographic tenien un foco diferente-- en migracion, asi los resultos son mas breve que lo que otros companias ofrecen. Family Tree DNA estan procesando las muestras. Asi no estan tan concentrado en genealogia. https://genographic.nationalg…tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2010-04-11:3739901:Comment:53302010-04-11T23:23:58.000ZEllen Fernandez-Sacco, Ph.D.http://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/profile/EllenFernandezSaccoPhD
<a href="https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/faqs_results.html" target="_blank">https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/faqs_results.html</a><br />
What tests do you perform?<br />
We will be performing ONE OF two tests for each public participant. Y-DNA test (12 Short Tandem Repeat markers): This test helps us to identify deep ancestral migratory origins on the direct paternal line. Only males can have their Y_DNA analyzed, since females do not inherit a Y…
<a href="https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/faqs_results.html" target="_blank">https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/lan/en/faqs_results.html</a><br />
What tests do you perform?<br />
We will be performing ONE OF two tests for each public participant. Y-DNA test (12 Short Tandem Repeat markers): This test helps us to identify deep ancestral migratory origins on the direct paternal line. Only males can have their Y_DNA analyzed, since females do not inherit a Y chromosome from their fathers. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (Extended HVS-1, Regions 16,023-16,569 with a backbone panel of defined coding region SNPs): This tests the mtDNA of females to help identify the deep ancestral migratory origins on their direct maternal line. Both females and males can have their mtDNA analyzed since females and males both inherit mtDNA from their mothers. Therefore, males also have the option of selecting mtDNA. All participants will be able to access their results anonymously on the participant portion of the Genographic Web site.<br />
<br />
These tests are much briefer than the others offered by other companies.<br />
Asi, son mas breve que los que ofrecen las otras companias.<br />
<br />
--Ellen Gracias Ellen!
It's wonderfu…tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2010-04-11:3739901:Comment:53292010-04-11T21:33:16.000ZDr. Tekina-eirú Maynardhttp://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/profile/DrTekinaeiruMaynard
Gracias Ellen!<br />
<br />
It's wonderful to have an expert in geneology on our forum!<br />
Que bendicion que tenemos una experta en geneology en nuestro forum!<br />
<br />
Question: does that mean that woman can only test their mother's line?<br />
Pregunta: entonces, mujeres solamente puede tener prueba matrilineal?<br />
<br />
I found this addition resource for dna testing. Is this also a good one?<br />
Encontre' este recourso diferente, puede recomendarlo tambien?…
Gracias Ellen!<br />
<br />
It's wonderful to have an expert in geneology on our forum!<br />
Que bendicion que tenemos una experta en geneology en nuestro forum!<br />
<br />
Question: does that mean that woman can only test their mother's line?<br />
Pregunta: entonces, mujeres solamente puede tener prueba matrilineal?<br />
<br />
I found this addition resource for dna testing. Is this also a good one?<br />
Encontre' este recourso diferente, puede recomendarlo tambien?<br />
<br />
<a href="https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com" target="_blank">https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com</a><br />
<br />
Thanks for this info. We are receiving questions weekly on test resources!<br />
Gracias por la informacion. Estamos recibiendo cartas semanal preguntando!<br />
<br />
-- Tekina-eirú Tekina-eiru,
Thanks for shari…tag:guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com,2010-04-11:3739901:Comment:53272010-04-11T20:14:54.000ZEllen Fernandez-Sacco, Ph.D.http://guacahu-guaytiao.ning.com/profile/EllenFernandezSaccoPhD
Tekina-eiru,<br />
Thanks for sharing these links-- more people need to know about their Taino ancestry. There are a number of places where you can get their dna tested. It's how I found out my mtDNA was haplogroup C1, Amerindian, which shows I descend from a female Taino ancestor. As carriers of the Y-DNA & mtDNA [XY] males can test both their male lineage [Y-DNA] and female lineage [mtDNA]. During colonization, many women were taken as concubines or as partners or violated by the Spanish, which…
Tekina-eiru,<br />
Thanks for sharing these links-- more people need to know about their Taino ancestry. There are a number of places where you can get their dna tested. It's how I found out my mtDNA was haplogroup C1, Amerindian, which shows I descend from a female Taino ancestor. As carriers of the Y-DNA & mtDNA [XY] males can test both their male lineage [Y-DNA] and female lineage [mtDNA]. During colonization, many women were taken as concubines or as partners or violated by the Spanish, which is a reason why the Amerindian DNA results for Puerto Ricans are more often matrilineal. Often people trace their paternal lineage, but can miss out on the other half of their story.<br />
<br />
Companies that test DNA have different prices according to the number of sites tested. There are test descriptions and additional information (like videos) that explain the tests. The larger the sequence, the higher the price. With larger sequence, once can make more matches to other persons, and increase the chance of finding others who match your results. Saliva is used for them, so it's painless.<br />
Prices start at about $150 and up, some have sales periodically. For Ancestry, you have to have a membership already.<br />
<br />
FamilyTree DNA, <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/products.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.familytreedna.com/products.aspx</a><br />
Ancestry.com, <a href="http://dna.ancestry.com/welcome.aspx" target="_blank">http://dna.ancestry.com/welcome.aspx</a><br />
GeneTree <a href="http://www.genetree.com" target="_blank">http://www.genetree.com</a><br />
<br />
I did do a test with Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation for free, and paid a fee to GeneTree to unlock the results (I think its about $49 now).<br />
<a href="http://www.smgf.org/" target="_blank">http://www.smgf.org/</a><br />
on getting the results:<br />
<a href="http://www.smgf.org/mailing_list.jspx?id=18" target="_blank">http://www.smgf.org/mailing_list.jspx?id=18</a><br />
but you will have to contact them to find out what the situation is at present.<br />
This is not quick at all, it took over a year and a half to get the results. You are donating your results to the foundation.<br />
<br />
Tekina-eiru,<br />
Gracias por compartir estos conexiones-- mas gente necesitan a conocer sus ancestros Taino. Hay algunos sitios adonde uno puede hacer sus prueba de dna. Esto fue la manera que aprendi que mi mtDNA era haplogroup C1, Amerindio, que ensena que tengo descendencia de una ancestra Taina. Como varones cargan Y-DNA y mtDNA [XY], ellos pueden hacer pruebas de sus lineas paternales [Y-DNA] y maternales [mtDNA]. Durante la colonización de Borinquen, muchas mujeres fueron tomado como concubinas, esposa o fueron violadas por los Españoles, y es la razón que los resulto de DNA Amerindia resultan en la línea matrilineal. Muchas veces gente buscan su descendencia paternal, pero así pueden perder la mitad de su historia.<br />
<br />
Compañías que prueban el DNA tienen diferente precios según como de amplio es la búsqueda. Ofrecen explicaciones del proceso (y video) y mas información sobre los pruebas. El mas amplio la prueba, mas alto son los precios. Con estos pruebas, puede buscar a otros que tienen el mismo resulto, y tiene mas probabilidad de hacer pareja. Como las pruebas DNA usan saliva, asi no duele hacerlo.<br />
<br />
Precios empiezan por $150 y mas, pero algunos compañías tienen ventas en vez en cuando. Para Ancestro, necesitas ser miembro.<br />
<br />
FamilyTree DNA, <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/products.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.familytreedna.com/products.aspx</a><br />
Ancestry.com,<br />
<a href="http://dna.ancestry.com/welcome.aspx" target="_blank">http://dna.ancestry.com/welcome.aspx</a><br />
GeneTree<br />
<a href="http://www.genetree.com" target="_blank">http://www.genetree.com</a><br />
Hice una prueba con Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation gratis, y pague un cuota a GeneTree para acceso a los resulto (creo que cuesta $49.50 ahora)<br />
SMGF:<br />
<a href="http://www.smgf.org/" target="_blank">http://www.smgf.org/</a><br />
para como obtener acceso al resulto:<br />
<a href="http://www.smgf.org/mailing_list.jspx?id=18" target="_blank">http://www.smgf.org/mailing_list.jspx?id=18</a><br />
Pero tendra de contactarlos para descubrir que es la situacion ahora. Esta ruta no es rapido como los otros, como tomo un ano y medio para obtener el resulto. Estas donando su DNA y el resulto al Fundación.<br />
<br />
Espero que sea util,<br />
Ellen